• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for automatically determining the geometric dimensions of a tool (1) with a worm-shaped machining area, in particular a grinding worm, in which method a measuring element (2) is aimed at the tool to record a distance, the tool opposite the measuring element in Rotation is offset, and on the basis of distance values that have been detected by the measuring element during the rotation of the tool (1), a conclusion is drawn on the geometry of the tool.
    公开号:CH714162B1
    申请号:CH01039/18
    申请日:2018-08-28
    公开日:2021-12-30
    发明作者:Hörburger Josef
    申请人:Liebherr Verzahntech Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The present invention relates to a method for determining the geometry of a tool with a helical machining area, in particular a grinding worm. Such tools are typically used in a gear cutting machine for cutting workpieces. It is important for the quality of the gearing to know the geometric parameters of the tool and to be able to determine them without having to carry out manual work steps.
    As a rule, a multi-stage set-up process is necessary when setting up a gear cutting machine for machining pre-cut workpieces. First of all, the geometric dimensions of the tool must be determined manually outside of the gear cutting machine or can also be taken from tool data sheets. This data must then be saved in the machine control. In the case of dressable tools, some of these geometric data change over time, e.g. due to a previous dressing process. It can happen that the screw diameter changes, for example, so that it has to undergo additional modification in order to avoid profile errors. This also applies to the pitch or the pressure angle of a grinding worm.
    [0003] Accordingly, it has hitherto been necessary to log this data on the grinding worm usage time in a traceable manner, so that it is available again when the tool is changed again.
    In a further step in the set-up process, the position of the tool aisles relative to the rotational position of the tool axis must be stored in the controller.
    This information and the position of the workpiece tooth gaps relative to the rotational position of the workpiece axis are required in order to be able to carry out an error-free, rolling-coupled gear wheel machining process. These further process steps are often referred to as centering.
    So far, despite the already highly automated gearing processes, parts of this overall process have been disadvantageously carried out manually or only semi-automatically. So far, after the essentially manual input of the geometric parameters of the tool, the machine operator has to position the tool relative to the tooth gap of a workpiece when centering for the first time. To do this, the tool is turned by hand around its axis of rotation until the teeth of the tool can plunge into the tooth gaps without colliding. The tool is then advanced and by shifting or twisting the tool, contact is made with the left and right tooth flank of the tool and the measured value for this is recorded. From these contact dimensions, the tooth center position of the tool relative to the tooth gap can be calculated and from this the rotational position of the tool can be calculated relative to the tooth gap and from this the rotational position of the tool can be determined at which it can enter a known tooth gap without colliding.
    All of these manual work steps by the machine operator have disadvantages, such as increased set-up times and incorrect settings of the gear cutting machine that may occur as a result of manual operation.
    From the prior art only the automatic detection of a pitch and a number of threads of a tool with a worm gear-shaped machining area is known.
    [0009] Thus, DE 199 10 747 B4 discloses a method and a device for centering a dressing tool in the thread gap of a grinding worm. It describes how a dresser touches a stationary grinding worm along its longitudinal axis (i.e. along the V1 axis) in order to determine a gear gap or the distance and number of protruding tooth flanks for later automated centering.
    The object of the invention is therefore to carry out a fully automatic determination of process-relevant geometric parameters of the grinding worm, which go beyond the geometric parameters determined in the prior art. Another object of the invention is to determine the geometric parameters as quickly and with great precision as possible.
    This object is achieved according to the invention by a method having the features of claim 1.
    [0012] The term "parameters" can be understood to mean various geometric dimensions, such as the outer diameter of a grinding worm, the worm width, the pitch angle and direction, but also the number of flights of the grinding worm, pitch, etc. However, a “parameter” within the meaning of the invention can also contain other aspects.
    Accordingly, in the method for automatically determining the geometric dimensions of a tool with a helical machining area, in particular a grinding worm, a measuring element for detecting a distance is directed at the tool, the tool is rotated relative to the measuring element, and on the basis of distance values , which have been detected by the measuring element while the tool is rotating, a conclusion can be drawn about the geometric dimensions of the tool.
    The tool is rotated about the axis of rotation about which it is also rotated when machining a workpiece. With the varying distances during such a rotation, the geometric dimensions of the tool can be determined.
    According to the method, it is preferably provided to compare the detected distance values with a predetermined threshold value when the tool is rigidly arranged along its axis of rotation (B1) and the tool is rotated by 360°, preferably 720°. Thereafter, based on the distance values compared to the threshold value, the number of flights of the tool is determined.
    The number of pulses that exceed the threshold value and correspond to a reduced distance value results in the number of gears. The measurement can be checked by comparing the angular distance between the teeth of the tool to be expected from the number of starts with the measured angular distances. If there is an irregularity, the measurement is repeated. Because with this measurement it can happen that when the grinding worm is moved (parallel to the axis of rotation B1) a tooth tip is not yet detected by the measuring unit at every point. A measuring unit in the form of a dresser, whose contact with a tooth tip is detected by a change in the sound, is particularly prone to error. Provision can also be made to set the dresser in rotation so that it generates a detectable structure-borne noise when it hits a tooth head as a result of the rotation of the tool. Provision can be made to reduce the distance between the tool and the dresser radially by 20 μm after one revolution, in order to obtain reliable pulses in the structure-borne noise signal even during a second revolution. Preferably two revolutions are measured in order to increase the probability of a correct detection. This method works without a tool swiveled in according to the pitch angle of the grinding worm, since the scanning takes place on the outer surface, so that the method can also be used with a completely unknown grinding worm (tool). You just have to make sure that the grinding worm has only one area.
    [0017] The use of a laser for detecting the number of gears would also be conceivable here.
    According to a further modification of the invention, (a) the measuring element is positioned in the middle of a gap in the path of the tool, (b) the tool is rotated and stopped in a rigid arrangement along the axis of rotation (B1) in such a way that during the rotation rigidly arranged measuring element with its distance measurement during the performed rotation is continuously aligned with a passage of the tool and does not leave it, (c) the measuring element is repositioned at this new position of the tool in the center of the passage width of the tool, and on the basis of a displacement of the two centres the lead gap before and after the rotation determines the pitch direction of the lead of the tool.
    It can be provided that the sequence of method steps (a) - (c) is to be carried out in precisely the chronological sequence described.
    Preferably, the measuring element is aligned substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation (B1) of the tool during the course of method steps (a)-(c). This brings advantages with regard to the accuracy of the distance measurement.
    According to a further development of the method according to the invention, the measuring element is directed towards a tooth head or a tooth flank of the tool, the rotation of the tool takes place in a rolling-coupled manner to the measuring element, preferably by the tool being tangentially rotated along its axis of rotation ( B1) is moved accordingly, and based on the distance values detected by the measuring element, the condition and/or a contour of the tooth tip or the tooth flank is determined, and preferably a chipping on the tooth tip or the tooth flank is determined at specific tangential positions and angular positions of the tool will.
    In a roller-coupled rotation with the measuring unit, the tool is simultaneously rotated and displaced along its longitudinal axis as if there were rigid engagement with a gear of the tool during rotation of the tool.
    When equipping a machine with a used grinding worm, it can happen that this is damaged (e.g. due to storage, transport, previous processing). In this case, the defective areas must be taken into account or eliminated by dressing.
    [0024] In order to detect such defects, the tooth heads or also tooth flanks can be traversed in a roller-coupled manner with the measuring unit. In the case of an undamaged grinding worm, a constant distance value is created throughout. If, on the other hand, there is a breakout at one point, the measuring unit records a deviation from the constant distance value at this point. If a certain distance is exceeded, it is possible to save the tangential positions and the angular positions of the tool. These positions then correspond to the beginnings and ends of defective areas of the tool.
    According to the method according to the invention, the result is preferably checked when determining the geometry of the tool. This is done by aligning the measuring unit with a center of a passage of the tool, the tool is traversed in a roller-coupled manner to the measuring unit, taking into account the values to be checked, preferably along its entire length, and the distance values recorded during the traversing and/or the position of the measuring unit after traversing in relation to the middle of the path of the tool, allow a conclusion to be drawn about the correctness of the results when determining the geometry of the tool.
    [0026] Although the results of the measurements are checked during the measurement process, erroneous results can still occur.
    [0027] For example, no incorrect measurement of the pitch is recognized if exactly every second tooth tip is not detected. For this reason, a complete check of the recorded characteristic values of the grinding worm is advantageous.
    [0028] For this purpose, the tool, such as a grinding worm, is run in a roller-coupled manner, taking into account the determined values. To do this, the grinding worm is swiveled in by the pitch angle, which can be calculated from the determined values, and the Z1 axis is tracked accordingly. Now the measuring unit is centered in a passage of the tool. In this position, one gear of the grinding worm is traversed in a roller-coupled manner with the dresser. The coupling factor can also result from values that have been determined in a previous method or have been entered by manual input. During the process, the distance to the measuring unit is monitored. If the determined values with regard to the geometry of the tool are incorrect, a collision with a flank occurs during the check, which is recognized by the measuring unit. In response to this, the grinding worm retracts so that it is not damaged by the check (due to a possible collision with the measuring unit).
    [0029] In addition, it would also be possible to use the measuring unit to measure only at certain points in the aisle gap. If this does not provide the expected values, the previously determined values must be incorrect. With this method, time can be saved for the check, but the positions for the distance measurement must be selected in such a way that incorrect values are reliably detected.
    According to the invention, it is preferably provided that the measuring unit is operated by an optical measuring unit, such as a laser distance measuring device, by an acoustic measuring unit, such as a dresser with a structure-borne sound device, and/or by a physical measuring unit, such as an evaluation of a following error of a dresser and /or an evaluation of motor variables for driving a dresser, such as current, power consumption or motor voltage, is implemented.
    [0031] A laser distance measuring device can be implemented using a unit for laser triangulation, which enables exact determination of distance values to the tool.
    [0032] An acoustic measuring unit, as can be implemented, for example, by a dresser and a structure-borne noise device, detects changes in the sound as soon as a typically rotating dresser comes into contact with the tool. When the dresser hits the tool, structure-borne noise occurs in the dresser and the tool, which signals that the dresser is in contact with the tool. This allows the geometry of the tool to be scanned.
    [0033] Furthermore, when the measuring unit is moved by a dresser with a structure-borne noise device, it can be provided that the dresser, which is preferably a dressing disk or a set profile roller, generates a change in structure-borne noise that can be detected by the structure-borne noise device if the dresser is in a position relative to the Tool rotating state hits the tool, so that a minimum distance to the dresser can be determined.
    [0034] In the case of the measuring unit, which includes a dresser, which is preferably a dressing disk or a set profile roller, the following error can preferably be used to determine a minimum distance between dresser and tool, since it is caused by friction when the rotating dresser and the tool decelerates the dresser and a difference can be detected in the comparison of the setpoint and actual value, so that contact between the dresser and the tool can be determined.
    It is also possible that in a measuring unit that includes a dresser, which is preferably a dressing disk or a set profile roller, the detection of motor variables of a drive for rotating the dresser or the tool is used to determine a minimum distance between the dresser and the tool , since friction occurs when the dresser and tool come into contact and the resulting additional load torque is reflected in the motor parameters, in particular in a change in current, power consumption and/or motor voltage. By monitoring the corresponding motor sizes, the distance or contact between dresser and tool can be determined.
    The invention also includes a method for determining the geometry of a tool with a worm-shaped machining area, in particular a grinding worm, wherein in the method a measuring element in the form of a dresser is directed at the tool to record a distance, based on distance values that have been detected by the measuring element when aimed at the tool, a conclusion can be drawn about the geometry of the tool, the tool is positioned in such a way that a tooth flank is freely accessible at the upper or lower edge of the tool in the longitudinal direction, and the measuring element is at the radial height of the outer diameter of the tool and at the tangential height of the tool edge and is advanced i) radially or ii) tangentially from the starting point in small steps, with the tool being moved i) tangentially or ii) radially after each step in order to contact the measuring element, leaving a discrete contour of the tooth flank n is determined.
    The tooth flank profile is required to determine the amount of dressing that is necessary to produce the desired geometry from the existing grinding worm. To do this, the tooth flanks are to be scanned. The tooth flanks on the edge of the tool are usually used for scanning. The tool is positioned in such a way that the dresser can scan exactly one tooth flank from the edge, i.e. the tooth tip must be exactly half a pitch away from the tool edge (a different ratio for asymmetrical gearing).
    The tooth tip positions can be determined by a previous measurement method and are therefore known. For the measuring process, the measuring unit is pivoted in such a way that it is aimed at the flank.
    The starting point of the measurement is the described position of the tool. The point measured for its distance is at the radial level of the outer diameter of the tool (the grinding worm) and at the tangential level of the tool edge.
    If a dresser is used as the measuring unit, the tool is fed radially from this point in small steps for the purpose of scanning. After each step, the tool is brought into tangential contact with the dresser. In this case, contact is clearly made at one point on the dresser (touch point). The contact can be detected via structure-borne noise. This process is repeated until the tooth base is touched during radial infeed. Then the other tooth flank is scanned at the other end of the grinding worm.
    The measurement can also take place via stepwise tangential infeed and scanning in the radial direction.
    It can also be provided that the radial or tangential delivery carried out in small steps is repeated until the measuring element contacts the tooth base.
    According to an optional development of the invention, the measuring element in the form of the dresser is moved tangentially over the tooth flank and during this movement the radial infeed of the tool is carried out as a function of an output of the distance measurement, so that the measuring element touches the flank contour and a quasi-continuous tooth flank contour delivers.
    [0044] In order to reduce the measurement time required for detecting the tooth flank contour, a scanning measurement should be carried out. The dresser is moved tangentially over the tooth flank. During this movement, the tool is fed radially to the dresser depending on the structure-borne noise signal. The dresser thus follows the flank contour with the contact point. The movement sequence is recorded and provides a quasi-continuous tooth flank contour.
    [0045] However, the regulation can also be set in such a way that the result is a scanning of the surface that tracks the tooth flank contour. This is significantly less stressed. This controlled scanning is to be preferred because it combines the advantages of both methods, namely speed of measurement and low stress on the grinding tool, and is sufficient with regard to the measuring accuracy of the flank contour.
    The maximum infeed during the measurement is limited since dead times occur due to the control loop, as a result of which a high feed inevitably leads to increased stresses on the grinding tool (reaction and braking distance). Due to the limitation, however, it can happen that the dresser can no longer follow the flank contour from a certain steepness. Therefore, during controlled scanning, the tangential distance of the actual position of the V1 axis is compared with the position of the last measured value (contact position) and if the distance is too large, the V1 axis is stopped until contact occurs again. This ensures that the measurement is sufficiently accurate (sufficient number of contact points over the tooth flank) regardless of the flank steepness. With the scanning measurement, the speed of the tangential movement can be regulated accordingly depending on the structure-borne noise signal in order to ensure the correct measurement of tooth flanks with low pressure angles.
    According to a further development of the method, it can be provided that the measuring element in the form of the dresser measures the distance with a structure-borne noise device and/or with an evaluation of a following error of a dresser and/or an evaluation of motor variables for driving a dresser, such as current consumption, Power consumption or motor voltage recorded.
    The invention also includes a gear cutting machine for cutting a workpiece, which has a tool with a helical machining area and a measuring element for detecting a distance.
    The machine is characterized in that it comprises a control unit designed to carry out one of the methods listed above. 1: a grinding device in a perspective view, FIG. 2: a side view of the tool and measuring unit in two different positions, FIG. 3: a schematic representation of a grinding worm and a dresser, FIG dresser to determine a pitch direction, Fig. 5: a diagram of a structure-borne noise signal when determining a breakout on the tooth tip, Fig. 6: representation of a measurement sequence of a radial tooth flank scanning, and Fig. 7: representation of a control of the infeed of the scan axis depending on the analog structure-borne noise signal
    1 shows a grinding device with which the claimed methods can be carried out in principle.
    The axes of a grinding device are drawn in in FIG. 1 in order to improve the understanding of the functionality of the grinding device. In the left-hand area of the gear cutting machine, a machine stand 3 is shown, with an object 4 horizontally spaced from it 8 can be moved vertically. An installation location 2 of the measuring unit provided according to the invention can be in the area of the article 4 of the gear cutting machine, which is known per se.
    [0052] If a dresser is used as the measuring unit, this is arranged in the area of reference number 2 and can be rotated around axis B3, among other things. However, another embodiment of the measuring unit can also be arranged on the object 4 .
    [0053] Both the stand 3 and/or the article 4 are arranged on movable carriages which allow movement toward one another. This makes it possible, for example, to feed the dresser onto the grinding worm and carry out a dressing process.
    Fig. 2 shows a side view in which one can clearly see the process of the machine stand 3 relative to the article 4. Thus, in the illustration on the left, the machine stand is arranged away from the article 4 , whereas in the illustration on the right, the machine stand 3 has been moved towards the article 4 .
    In the present case, a dresser is provided as the measuring unit, which can detect the contact of the dresser 1 with the grinding worm 2 in various ways. Fig. 2 shows a state in which both the grinding worm 2 and the dresser 1, which can represent a dressing wheel or a set profile roller, rotate in opposite directions to one another, so that when the dresser 1 touches the worm 2, the lateral surface of the worm 2 can be determined is.
    Accordingly, it is clear from FIG. 2 that the dresser 2 and the worm 1 can be moved relative to one another according to the axes shown in FIG.
    Fig. 3 is a diagram for explaining the method of detecting the number of flights of a screw 1.
    The dresser 2 (pivoted in with set profile rollers) is positioned at the radial height of the lateral surface of the grinding worm 1, preferably in a gear gap. Now the grinding worm rotates by 720 degrees. However, it is also possible to determine the number of gears for a rotation of 360 degrees or more or a multiple of 360 degrees.
    The structure-borne noise signal is evaluated with a comparator, with each pulse exceeding a threshold value generally corresponding to a gear of the grinding worm 1 . If more than one revolution of the worm 1 is carried out, after the first revolution the grinding worm 1 is radially tracked by 20 µm in order to get reliable pulses in the structure-borne noise signal during the second revolution as well. In the present case, two revolutions are measured in order to increase the probability of correct detection. Of course, the determination with only one rotation is also possible.
    The number of gears results from the number of pulses. The measurement is checked by comparing the angular distance between the teeth to be expected from the number of flights with the measured or known angular distances. If there is an irregularity, the measurement is repeated. Because even with this measurement, it happens that at the level of the previously determined outer diameter of the grinding worm, a tooth tip is not yet touched at every point.
    [0061] A detection of the number of gears via laser is also conceivable and is covered by the invention. The methods described so far work without the tool swiveled in according to the pitch angle of the grinding worm, since the scanning takes place on the lateral surface. The methods can therefore be applied to a completely unknown grinding worm. The only restriction for the present method is that the screw 1 may only have a homogeneously designed area.
    FIG. 4 shows an illustration for better understanding when determining the pitch direction of a thread of a grinding worm. A dresser is used as the measuring unit.
    To determine the pitch direction of an unknown grinding worm 1, the maximum immersion depth (overlap depth) of the dresser 2 is first determined. For this purpose, the grinding worm 1 is positioned in such a way that the dresser 2 is at the tangential height of the middle of the course. At this height, the grinding worm 1 is brought into radial contact with the rotating dresser 2 . The maximum diving depth can then be determined from the contact position. Then, at e.g. Then the grinding worm 1 is offset via the B1 axis with the dresser 2 in the gap. Structure-borne noise is used to check whether this is happening without a collision, otherwise the movement is aborted. The dresser 2 is again centered at the new location by approaching the left and right gear flank 12 . There is a tangential offset between the two obtained centering positions, which allows conclusions to be drawn about the direction of the pitch of the grinding worm 1 .
    If the pitch direction is determined by means of an optical measuring unit, instead of touching the tooth flank, a specific distance value can be determined, which is known to lie on the tooth flank.
    FIG. 5 shows a diagram that was obtained when the tooth tip of the grinding worm 1 was driven off in a roller-coupled manner. A dresser 2 with a structure-borne sound device was used as the measuring unit. However, other configurations of the measuring unit are also covered by the invention and produce results similar to those shown in FIG. 5 .
    Breakout control is of high importance since machining a workpiece with a damaged tool can lead to unsatisfactory results.
    When equipping a machine with a used grinding worm 1, it may be the case that this is damaged (e.g. due to storage, transport, previous processing). In this case, the defective areas must be taken into account or eliminated by dressing. In order to detect such defects, the tooth tips 11 are traversed with the dresser 2 in a roller-coupled manner. In the case of an undamaged grinding worm 1, a structure-borne noise signal is continuously produced. If there is a breakout at one point, the dresser has no contact at this point and no structure-borne noise is generated. The structure-borne noise signal therefore drops. The structure-borne noise signal is evaluated with a comparator during the process. When the comparator switches, the tangential positions and the angular positions of the grinding worm are stored. These positions then correspond to the beginnings and ends of defective areas of the grinding worm.
    In the present case, defective areas on the tooth tips 11 of the worm 1 have been detected in the range of 0 seconds, 0.6 seconds, 2 seconds, 2.4 seconds and 2.8 seconds.The sensitivity to bursts can be affected with signal smoothing or by the speed of the measurement, as shown in Figure 5 with the lighter line versus the darker line.
    [0069] FIG. 6 shows an illustration of a possible measuring sequence for radial tooth flank scanning when using a dresser as the measuring unit.
    The tooth flank contour is required to determine the amount of dressing that is necessary to produce the desired geometry from the existing grinding worm 1 . To do this, the tooth flanks 12 are to be scanned. The tooth flanks 12 on the edge of the tool are used for scanning. The tool 1 is positioned in such a way that the dresser 2 can scan exactly one tooth flank 12 from the edge, so the tooth tip 11 must be exactly half a pitch away from the edge of the tool (a different ratio for asymmetrical gearing).
    Tooth tip positions can be determined by a previously performed method or are known by input from the machine operator. For the measuring process, the dresser 2 is pivoted in such a way that it only touches the flank 12 at one point. The starting point of the measurement is the described position of the grinding worm 1. The contact point of the dresser 2 is at the radial height of the outer diameter of the grinding worm 1 and at the tangential height of the tool edge. For the purpose of scanning, the tool 1 is advanced radially from this point in small steps. After each step, the tool 1 is brought into tangential contact with the dresser 2. In this case, contact clearly occurs at one point of the dresser 2 (point of contact). Contact is detected via structure-borne noise. This sequence is repeated until the tooth base 13 is touched during the radial infeed. Then the other tooth flank 12 at the other end of the grinding worm 1 is scanned. The measurement can also take place via step-by-step tangential infeed and scanning in the radial direction. The method provides a discrete contour of the tooth flanks 12. From this, for example, the pressure angle can be determined. However, only tooth flank 12 can be scanned. As can be seen from the figure (arrows), there is another contact point of the dresser 2 when scanning the tooth base 13 (or the tooth head 11) in the swiveled-in state. Since the contour of the dresser 2 is not precisely defined on the head, the dresser 2 cannot be pivoted at will and the contact points converted.
    [0072] Contact can also be detected via the following error or by observing motor parameters.
    7 shows a regulation of the infeed of the scan axis when using a dresser as a measuring unit, in which the infeed is carried out as a function of the analog structure-borne noise signal.
    [0074] In order to reduce the measurement time required for detecting the tooth flank contour, a scanning measurement should be carried out. The dresser 2 is moved tangentially over the tooth flank. During this movement, the tool 1 is delivered to the dresser 2 radially as a function of the structure-borne noise signal. The dresser 2 thus follows the flank contour with the contact point. The movement sequence is recorded and provides a quasi-continuous tooth flank contour.
    However, the regulation can also be set in such a way that the result is a scanning of the surface that follows the tooth flank contour. This is significantly less stressed. This controlled scanning is advantageous in terms of the speed of the measurement and low stress on the grinding tool. Furthermore, it is sufficient in terms of measuring accuracy of the flank contour.
    The maximum infeed during the measurement is limited since dead times occur due to the control loop, as a result of which a high feed inevitably leads to increased stresses on the grinding tool (reaction and braking distance). Due to the limitation, however, it can happen that the dresser 2 can no longer follow the flank contour from a certain steepness. It can therefore be provided that the tangential distance of the actual position of the V1 axis is compared with the position of the last measured value (contact position) during the controlled scanning and that the V1 axis is stopped if the distance is too large until contact occurs again. This ensures that the measurement is sufficiently accurate (sufficient number of contact points over the tooth flank) regardless of the flank steepness.
    [0077] In the case of the scanning measurement, the speed of the tangential movement can accordingly be regulated as a function of the structure-borne noise signal in order to ensure the correct measurement of tooth flanks with small pressure angles.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]
    1. A method for automatically determining the geometric dimensions of a tool (1) with a helical machining area, in particular a grinding worm, wherein in the method:a measuring element (2) is aimed at the tool (1) to measure a distance,the tool (1) is rotated relative to the measuring element (2), andon the basis of distance values which have been recorded by the measuring element (2) while the tool (1) is rotating, a conclusion is drawn as to the geometric dimensions of the tool (1).
    [2]
    2. The method of claim 1, wherein in the method further:the detected distance values are compared with a predetermined threshold value when the tool (1) is rigidly arranged along its axis of rotation (B1) and the tool (1) rotates through 360°, preferably 720°, andthe number of turns of the tool (1) is determined on the basis of the distance values compared with the threshold value.
    [3]
    3. The method of claim 1, whereinthe measuring element (2) is positioned in the middle of a passage width of the tool (1),the tool (1) is set in rotation along the axis of rotation (B1) in a rigid arrangement and stopped in such a way that the measuring element (2), which is rigidly arranged during the rotation, with its distance measurement during the rotation carried out continuously on one gear of the tool (1) is aligned and does not leave it,the measuring element (2) is repositioned at this new position of the tool (1) in the center of the tool (1) thread width, and based on a displacement of the two centers of the thread width before and after the rotation, the direction of the pitch of the tool (1) thread is determined, the measuring element (2) preferably being aligned essentially perpendicular to the axis of rotation (B1) of the tool (1) during the above method steps.
    [4]
    4. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, whereinthe measuring element (2) is aimed at a tooth tip (11) or a tooth flank (12) of the tool (1),the rotation of the tool (1) takes place coupled to the measuring element (2), the tool rotating and being displaced along its longitudinal axis at the same time as if there were rigid engagement with a gear of the tool during a rotation of the tool, andthe condition and/or a contour of the tooth tip (11) or the tooth flank (12) is determined on the basis of the distance values recorded by the measuring element (2), and preferably a chipping on the tooth tip (11) or the tooth flank (12). specific tangential positions and angular positions of the tool (1) is determined.
    [5]
    5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the results in determining the geometry of the tool (1) are checked by:the measuring unit is aligned with a center of a passage of the tool (1),the tool (1) is traversed to the measuring unit, preferably along its entire length, taking into account the values to be checked, andthe distance values recorded during travel and/or the position of the measuring unit after travel in relation to the middle of the path of the tool (1) allows conclusions to be drawn about the correctness of the results when determining the geometry of the tool (1).
    [6]
    6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the measuring unit is an optical measuring unit, such as a laser distance measuring device, an acoustic measuring unit, such as a dresser/set profile roller with a structure-borne sound device, and/or a physical measuring unit, such as an evaluation of a following distance of a dresser and/or an evaluation of motor variables for driving a dresser, such as current/power consumption or motor voltage, is implemented.
    [7]
    7. The method according to claim 6, wherein when the measuring unit is moved by a dresser with a structure-borne noise device, the dresser, which is preferably a dressing disk or a set profile roller, generates a change in structure-borne noise that can be detected by the structure-borne noise device when the dresser is in a position relative to the tool ( 1) rotating condition hits the tool (1), so that a minimum distance to the dresser can be determined.
    [8]
    8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein in the measuring unit by a dresser, which is preferably a dressing disk or a set profile roller, the following error is used to determine a minimum distance between the dresser and the tool (1), since it is caused by the friction when the rotating dresser and the tool (1) meet, there is a delay and a difference can be detected in the comparison of the setpoint and actual value, so that the contact between the dresser and the tool (1) can be determined.
    [9]
    9. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein in the measuring unit by a dresser, which is preferably a dressing disk or a set profile roller, the detection of motor variables of a drive for rotating the dresser or the tool (1) is used to determine a minimum distance of the dresser and tool (1), since friction occurs when the dresser and tool (1) come into contact and the resulting additional load torque is reflected in the motor parameters, in particular in a change in the current/power consumption and/or motor voltage.
    [10]
    10. A method for determining the geometry of a helical machining region of a grinding worm according to claim 1, wherein:a measuring element (2) in the form of a dresser or a set profile roller is aimed at the tool (1) to measure the distance,on the basis of distance values recorded by the measuring element (2) when it is aimed at the tool (1), a conclusion is drawn about the geometry of the tool (1),the tool (1) is positioned in such a way that a tooth flank is freely accessible in the longitudinal direction at the upper or lower edge of the tool (1), andthe measuring element (2) is moved at the radial level of the outer diameter of the tool (1) and at the tangential level of the tool edge and is advanced i) radially or ii) tangentially from the starting point in small steps, with the tool (1) i ) is moved tangentially or ii) radially in order to contact the measuring element (2), so that a discrete contour of the tooth flanks is determined.
    [11]
    11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the radial or tangential infeed carried out in small steps is repeated until the measuring element (2) contacts the tooth root.
    [12]
    12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 10 or 11, wherein the measuring element (2) in the form of the dresser is moved tangentially over the tooth flank and during this movement the radial infeed of the tool (1) is carried out depending on an output of the distance measurement, so that the measuring element (2) touches the flank contour and delivers a quasi-continuous tooth flank contour.
    [13]
    13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 10-12, wherein the measuring element (2) in the form of the dresser measures the distance with a structure-borne noise device and/or with an evaluation of a following error of a dresser and/or an evaluation of motor variables for driving a dresser, such as current consumption, power consumption or motor voltage.
    [14]
    14. Gear cutting machine for cutting a workpiece, comprising a tool with a helical machining area and a measuring element, which is directed towards the tool for detecting a distance, characterized in that the gear cutting machine has a control unit which is designed to carry out a method according to one of Claims 1 to 13 to execute.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US20190079494A1|2019-03-14|
    KR20190030616A|2019-03-22|
    JP2019066463A|2019-04-25|
    CH714162A1|2019-03-15|
    US10788810B2|2020-09-29|
    CN109500451A|2019-03-22|
    DE102017121344A1|2019-03-14|
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    法律状态:
    2020-09-30| PFA| Name/firm changed|Owner name: LIEBHERR-VERZAHNTECHNIK GMBH, DE Free format text: FORMER OWNER: LIEBHERR-VERZAHNTECHNIK GMBH, DE |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102017121344.9A|DE102017121344A1|2017-09-14|2017-09-14|Method for automatically determining the geometric dimensions of a tool with a spiral-shaped machining area|
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